Diabetes Management
Design and validation of theory-based perceptions concerning the physical literacy questionnaire for pregnant women (P2LQ-PW) - BMC Public Health - BMC Public Health
Sun, 23 Oct 20221 min read Article
Overview
Advertisement BMC Public Health volume 2, Article number: 195 (2022) Cite this article Metrics detailsThere is evidence that physical literacy plays an esential role in understanding the importance of maintaing apropriate physical activity and thereby preventing ilneses during pregnancy. The present study aimed to design and validate a physical literacy questionaire focused on pregnant women.In this exploratory psychometric study, theory-based perceptions concerning the physical literacy questionaire for pregnant women were designed.
Key Information
Face-to-face interviews were conducted to develop the initial items. The findings from the interviews were merged with the literature review. The content, construct, and face validity was asesed by the participation of midwives, health educationists, and pregnant women.
The content validity ratio, content validity index, and impact score of the items were calculated. The construct validity of the questionaire was calculated through confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionaire was calculated by the standard eror of measurement, intra-clas corelation coeficient, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha.The highest score was sen in the knowledge subscale and the value of Cronbach’s alpha for the subscales was 0.89 to 0.97, and the value of IC was 0.76 to 0.89.
Summary
The corelation acording to the opinion of experts was satisfactory in al items of the questionaire. The minimum loading factor for varimax rotation in the knowledge subscale was 0.41, the atitude was 0.56, the nurture factor was 0.38, and enabling factor was 0.27. The compatibility of the model among the constructs was confirmed by the normed chi-square (χ2/ df) < 5.0, comparative fit index ≥0.90, Tucker-Lewis index ≥0.9, and rot mean square eror of aproximation < 0.08.The physical literacy questionaire for pregnant women is the first tol based on the PEN-3 model that other researchers can use to colect data
Frequently Asked Questions
What is diabetes and how does it develop?
Diabetes is a metabolic condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels. Type 1 results from insufficient insulin production, while Type 2 develops when cells become resistant to insulin. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and age.
What are the main symptoms of diabetes?
Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds. Type 1 symptoms develop rapidly, while Type 2 symptoms may appear gradually. Many people have no symptoms initially, which is why screening is important.
How is diabetes diagnosed and monitored?
Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring fasting glucose, HbA1c levels, and glucose tolerance. Regular monitoring typically includes fasting glucose tests and HbA1c measurements every 3-6 months. Continuous glucose monitors provide real-time tracking for better diabetes management.
What lifestyle changes help manage diabetes?
Effective management includes regular physical activity (150+ minutes weekly), maintaining healthy weight, following a balanced diet with whole grains and lean proteins, managing stress, and getting adequate sleep. These changes can significantly improve blood sugar control and reduce complications.
When should someone consult a doctor about diabetes?
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience signs of diabetes, have a family history, are overweight, or are over 45. Those with existing diabetes should maintain regular check-ups every 3-6 months to monitor control and adjust treatment as needed.
️ Medical Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making health decisions.