Why gestational diabetes is common in Indian pregnancies
South Asian women have higher rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than many other ethnic groups, often at lower pre-pregnancy BMI. Placental hormones increase insulin resistance in the second half of pregnancy. If the pancreas cannot compensate, blood sugar rises, affecting mother and baby.
Indian guidelines recommend universal or risk-based screening, typically with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks, or earlier if high risk.
Target blood sugar levels in pregnancy
| Reading | Target |
|---|---|
| Fasting | <95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L) |
| 1 hour after meal | <140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) |
| 2 hours after meal | <120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) |
Indian diet strategies during GDM
Split carbohydrates across small frequent meals. Pair roti or rice with dal, vegetables, and protein. Avoid fruit juice, sweets, and large portions of white rice at one sitting. Gentle post-meal walks are especially effective in pregnancy.
Many women manage GDM with diet and walking alone; others need insulin, which is safe when prescribed. Never restrict calories aggressively in pregnancy without specialist supervision.
After delivery: protect your future health
Blood sugar usually normalises after birth, but up to half of women with GDM develop type 2 within 5–10 years without prevention. Get a glucose test at 6–12 weeks postpartum, then every 1–3 years. Breastfeeding, weight management, and continued activity are powerful protective steps.